Multilevel Intervention Models

A multilevel intervention model considers and evaluates health needs in a population and guides in planning, implementing and assessing health promotion and disease prevention in the context and culture of that population.

The Community Readiness Model

The Community Readiness Model recognizes facets and levels of community readiness to address problems. The model also includes a tool for determining community readiness that can be easily used by the community members. There are different dimensions and levels to community readiness and knowing at what stage of readiness a community is in, enables a more successful implementation of interventions for an issue within the community. Community readiness encourages community members and leaders to take ownership of the issue and assist in the implementation of the interventions. It is also easier to tackle an issue in manageable steps and it is more likely to make outcomes successful due to the involvement of the community (Rural Health Information Hub, 2019a).

PRECEDE/PROCEDE Model

Although the Community Readiness Model is a model that can assess a community’s needs and help in implementation of interventions, it’s focus is on one issue. The PRECEDE/PROCEDE model is more comprehensive and can undertake the implementation of a public health program.

“PRECEDE stands for Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation” (Rural Health Information Hub. 2019b, para. 2). It evaluates the health determinants of social problems in a community, the behavioral and environmental determinants of lifestyle behaviours, and the public policy factors that could impact on the implementation of interventions. It sets goals and recognizes the anticipated outcomes of the interventions (Rural Health Information Hub, 2019b).

“PROCEED stands for Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development” (Rural Health Information Hub. 2019b, para. 3). It focuses on the implementation of the program and then evaluates the process, impact and the outcome of the interventions.

The PRECEDE/PROCEDE model is cyclical. PRECEDE starts with an assessment of the community need and its quality of life, then describes how to design an appropriate and effective intervention. PROCEDE focuses on the intervention, evaluating if it addressed the problem, if it impacts on behaviours or environment and if it had the desired outcome on quality of life. The process can be repeated if not successful the first time. With each repetition of the cycle, important information is gathered on the beliefs, behaviours, culture, environment, determinants of health and the social inequities of health determinants, of the community. With this knowledge and by including individuals and the community in the development and progress of the interventions, positive outcomes are more likely to occur (Rural Health Information Hub. 2019b).

Elizabeth

Rural Health Information Hub. (2019a). Community readiness model. Retrieved from https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/health-promotion/2/program-models/community-readiness

Rural Health Information Hub. (2019b). PRECEDE/PROCEDE. Retrieved from https://www.ruralhealthinfo.org/toolkits/health-promotion/2/program-models/precede-proceed